27. Debugging and Profiling¶

These libraries help you with Python development: the debugger enables you to step through code, analyze stack frames and set breakpoints etc., and the profilers run code and give you a detailed breakdown of execution times, allowing you to identify bottlenecks in your programs.

• 27.1. bdb — Debugger framework
• 27.2. pdb — The Python Debugger
• 27.3. Debugger Commands
• 27.4. The Python Profilers
  • 27.4.1. Introduction to the profilers
  • 27.4.2. Instant User’s Manual
  • 27.4.3. What Is Deterministic Profiling?
  • 27.4.4. Reference Manual – profile and cProfile
    • 27.4.4.1. The Stats Class
  • 27.4.5. Limitations
  • 27.4.6. Calibration
  • 27.4.7. Extensions — Deriving Better Profilers
• 27.5. hotshot — High performance logging profiler
  • 27.5.1. Profile Objects
  • 27.5.2. Using hotshot data
  • 27.5.3. Example Usage
• 27.6. timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets
  • 27.6.1. Command Line Interface
  • 27.6.2. Examples
• 27.7. trace — Trace or track Python statement execution
  • 27.7.1. Command Line Usage
  • 27.7.2. Programming Interface