These are the string methods which both 8-bit strings and Unicode
objects support:
capitalize(
)
Return a copy of the string with only its first character capitalized.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
center(
width[, fillchar])
Return centered in a string of length width. Padding is done
using the specified fillchar (default is a space).
Changed in version 2.4:
Support for the fillchar argument.
count(
sub[, start[, end]])
Return the number of occurrences of substring sub in string
S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and
end are interpreted as in slice notation.
decode(
[encoding[, errors]])
Decodes the string using the codec registered for encoding.
encoding defaults to the default string encoding. errors
may be given to set a different error handling scheme. The default is
'strict', meaning that encoding errors raise
UnicodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore',
'replace' and any other name registered via
codecs.register_error, see section 4.8.1.
New in version 2.2.Changed in version 2.3:
Support for other error handling schemes added.
encode(
[encoding[,errors]])
Return an encoded version of the string. Default encoding is the current
default string encoding. errors may be given to set a different
error handling scheme. The default for errors is
'strict', meaning that encoding errors raise a
UnicodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore',
'replace', 'xmlcharrefreplace', 'backslashreplace'
and any other name registered via codecs.register_error,
see section 4.8.1.
For a list of possible encodings, see section 4.8.3.
New in version 2.0.Changed in version 2.3:
Support for 'xmlcharrefreplace' and
'backslashreplace' and other error handling schemes added.
endswith(
suffix[, start[, end]])
Return True if the string ends with the specified suffix,
otherwise return False. suffix can also be a tuple of
suffixes to look for. With optional start, test beginning at
that position. With optional end, stop comparing at that position.
Changed in version 2.5:
Accept tuples as suffix.
expandtabs(
[tabsize])
Return a copy of the string where all tab characters are expanded
using spaces. If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8
characters is assumed.
find(
sub[, start[, end]])
Return the lowest index in the string where substring sub is
found, such that sub is contained in the range [start,
end]. Optional arguments start and end are
interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 if sub is
not found.
index(
sub[, start[, end]])
Like find(), but raise ValueError when the
substring is not found.
isalnum(
)
Return true if all characters in the string are alphanumeric and there
is at least one character, false otherwise.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
isalpha(
)
Return true if all characters in the string are alphabetic and there
is at least one character, false otherwise.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
isdigit(
)
Return true if all characters in the string are digits and there
is at least one character, false otherwise.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
islower(
)
Return true if all cased characters in the string are lowercase and
there is at least one cased character, false otherwise.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
isspace(
)
Return true if there are only whitespace characters in the string and
there is at least one character, false otherwise.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
istitle(
)
Return true if the string is a titlecased string and there is at least one
character, for example uppercase characters may only follow uncased
characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return false
otherwise.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
isupper(
)
Return true if all cased characters in the string are uppercase and
there is at least one cased character, false otherwise.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
join(
seq)
Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the
sequence seq. The separator between elements is the string
providing this method.
ljust(
width[, fillchar])
Return the string left justified in a string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fillchar (default is a
space). The original string is returned if
width is less than len(s).
Changed in version 2.4:
Support for the fillchar argument.
lower(
)
Return a copy of the string converted to lowercase.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
lstrip(
[chars])
Return a copy of the string with leading characters removed. The
chars argument is a string specifying the set of characters
to be removed. If omitted or None, the chars argument
defaults to removing whitespace. The chars argument is not
a prefix; rather, all combinations of its values are stripped:
Changed in version 2.2.2:
Support for the chars argument.
partition(
sep)
Split the string at the first occurrence of sep, and return
a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator
itself, and the part after the separator. If the separator is not
found, return a 3-tuple containing the string itself, followed by
two empty strings.
New in version 2.5.
replace(
old, new[, count])
Return a copy of the string with all occurrences of substring
old replaced by new. If the optional argument
count is given, only the first count occurrences are
replaced.
rfind(
sub [,start [,end]])
Return the highest index in the string where substring sub is
found, such that sub is contained within s[start,end]. Optional
arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice
notation. Return -1 on failure.
rindex(
sub[, start[, end]])
Like rfind() but raises ValueError when the
substring sub is not found.
rjust(
width[, fillchar])
Return the string right justified in a string of length width.
Padding is done using the specified fillchar (default is a space).
The original string is returned if
width is less than len(s).
Changed in version 2.4:
Support for the fillchar argument.
rpartition(
sep)
Split the string at the last occurrence of sep, and return
a 3-tuple containing the part before the separator, the separator
itself, and the part after the separator. If the separator is not
found, return a 3-tuple containing two empty strings, followed by
the string itself.
New in version 2.5.
rsplit(
[sep [,maxsplit]])
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the
delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done, the rightmost ones. If sep is not specified
or None, any whitespace string is a separator. Except for splitting
from the right, rsplit() behaves like split() which
is described in detail below.
New in version 2.4.
rstrip(
[chars])
Return a copy of the string with trailing characters removed. The
chars argument is a string specifying the set of characters
to be removed. If omitted or None, the chars argument
defaults to removing whitespace. The chars argument is not
a suffix; rather, all combinations of its values are stripped:
Changed in version 2.2.2:
Support for the chars argument.
split(
[sep [,maxsplit]])
Return a list of the words in the string, using sep as the
delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit
splits are done. (thus, the list will have at most maxsplit+1
elements). If maxsplit is not specified, then there
is no limit on the number of splits (all possible splits are made).
Consecutive delimiters are not grouped together and are
deemed to delimit empty strings (for example, "'1„2'.split(',')"returns "['1', '', '2']"). The sep argument may consist of
multiple characters (for example, "'1, 2, 3'.split(', ')" returns
"['1', '2', '3']"). Splitting an empty string with a specified
separator returns "['']".
If sep is not specified or is None, a different splitting
algorithm is applied. First, whitespace characters (spaces, tabs,
newlines, returns, and formfeeds) are stripped from both ends. Then,
words are separated by arbitrary length strings of whitespace
characters. Consecutive whitespace delimiters are treated as a single
delimiter ("'1 2 3'.split()" returns "['1', '2', '3']").
Splitting an empty string or a string consisting of just whitespace
returns an empty list.
splitlines(
[keepends])
Return a list of the lines in the string, breaking at line
boundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless
keepends is given and true.
startswith(
prefix[,
start[, end]])
Return True if string starts with the prefix, otherwise
return False. prefix can also be a tuple of
suffixes to look for. With optional start, test string beginning at
that position. With optional end, stop comparing string at that
position.
Changed in version 2.5:
Accept tuples as prefix.
strip(
[chars])
Return a copy of the string with the leading and trailing characters
removed. The chars argument is a string specifying the set of
characters to be removed. If omitted or None, the chars
argument defaults to removing whitespace. The chars argument is not
a prefix or suffix; rather, all combinations of its values are stripped:
Changed in version 2.2.2:
Support for the chars argument.
swapcase(
)
Return a copy of the string with uppercase characters converted to
lowercase and vice versa.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
title(
)
Return a titlecased version of the string: words start with uppercase
characters, all remaining cased characters are lowercase.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
translate(
table[, deletechars])
Return a copy of the string where all characters occurring in the
optional argument deletechars are removed, and the remaining
characters have been mapped through the given translation table, which
must be a string of length 256.
For Unicode objects, the translate() method does not
accept the optional deletechars argument. Instead, it
returns a copy of the s where all characters have been mapped
through the given translation table which must be a mapping of
Unicode ordinals to Unicode ordinals, Unicode strings or None.
Unmapped characters are left untouched. Characters mapped to None
are deleted. Note, a more flexible approach is to create a custom
character mapping codec using the codecs module (see
encodings.cp1251 for an example).
upper(
)
Return a copy of the string converted to uppercase.
For 8-bit strings, this method is locale-dependent.
zfill(
width)
Return the numeric string left filled with zeros in a string
of length width. The original string is returned if
width is less than len(s).
New in version 2.2.2.
