28. Python Runtime Services¶

The modules described in this chapter provide a wide range of services related to the Python interpreter and its interaction with its environment. Here’s an overview:

• 28.1. sys — System-specific parameters and functions
• 28.2. __builtin__ — Built-in objects
• 28.3. future_builtins — Python 3 builtins
• 28.4. __main__ — Top-level script environment
• 28.5. warnings — Warning control
  • 28.5.1. Warning Categories
  • 28.5.2. The Warnings Filter
  • 28.5.3. Temporarily Suppressing Warnings
  • 28.5.4. Testing Warnings
  • 28.5.5. Available Functions
  • 28.5.6. Available Context Managers
• 28.6. contextlib — Utilities for with-statement contexts.
• 28.7. abc — Abstract Base Classes
• 28.8. atexit — Exit handlers
  • 28.8.1. atexit Example
• 28.9. traceback — Print or retrieve a stack traceback
  • 28.9.1. Traceback Examples
• 28.10. __future__ — Future statement definitions
• 28.11. gc — Garbage Collector interface
• 28.12. inspect — Inspect live objects
  • 28.12.1. Types and members
  • 28.12.2. Retrieving source code
  • 28.12.3. Classes and functions
  • 28.12.4. The interpreter stack
• 28.13. site — Site-specific configuration hook
• 28.14. user — User-specific configuration hook
• 28.15. fpectl — Floating point exception control
  • 28.15.1. Example
  • 28.15.2. Limitations and other considerations